Wonke umkhandi uzisebenzisile, kodwa uninzi aluzazi ukuba zingaphi na iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeewasha ezikhoyo, zeziphi izinto ezenziwe ngazo, kunye nendlela yokuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, sifumene imibuzo emininzi malunga neewasha, ke ngoko inqaku letekhnoloji lokwabelana ngolwazi ngezi zixhobo zehardware lide ladlula.

Kutshanje sigubungele ubugcisa bokwenza izinto zokuqinisa ukusebenza okuphezulu ngeAutomotive Racing Products, Inc. (ARP), igqume ngokucokisekileyo amantongomane kunye neebholiti zomxholo. Ngoku lixesha lokuhlawula intlonipho kwi-fastener component ehlala ithathwa njengento eqhelekileyo, i-washer ethobekileyo.

Kule mihlathi ilandelayo, siya kugubungela ukuba ziphi na iiwasha, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlamba, into abayenzayo, indlela eyenziwe ngayo, phi kwaye nini ukuyisebenzisa - kwaye ewe, siya kuxubusha nokuba ngaba iwashers iyalathiswa okanye ayikho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iwasha yi-disk-shaped, i-wafer-like plate kunye nomngxuma phakathi. Ngelixa uyilo lunokuvakala ngathi luyinto yakudala, iiwasha zibonelela ngomsebenzi onzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umthwalo we-fastener ene-threaded, njenge-bolt okanye i-cap screw.

Zingaphinda zisetyenziswe njenge-spacers-okanye kwezinye iimeko-zinokuba yipedi yokunxiba, isixhobo sokutshixa, okanye sisetyenziselwe ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela - njengewasha yerabha. Uyilo olusisiseko lwewasha lubonisa i-diameter yangaphandle ephindwe kabini ngobukhulu be-washer yangaphakathi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngesinyithi, iiwasha zingenziwa ngeplastiki okanye irabha - kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Kumatshini, iijoyinti ezibolithiweyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zifuna iiwasha zentsimbi eziqinisiweyo ukunqanda ukujikela indawo yomdibaniso. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiBrinelling. Ezi zihlomelo zincinci zinokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kokulayishwa kwangaphambili kwi-fastener, ukuncokola, okanye ukungcangcazela okugqithisileyo. Njengoko imeko iqhubeka, ezi ntshukumo zinokukhawuleza ukuya kwezinye izinxibo ezihlala zichazwa njenge-spalling okanye i-galling.

Iiwasha zikwanceda ukuthintela ukubola kwegalvanic, imeko ebakho xa iintsimbi ezithile zidibana. Enye isinyithi isebenza njenge-anode, kwaye enye njenge-cathode. Ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela le nkqubo ukususela ekuqaleni, i-washer isetyenziswe phakathi kwebholiti okanye i-nut kunye nentsimbi edibeneyo.

Ukongezelela ekuhambiseni ngokulinganayo uxinzelelo phezu kwenxalenye ekhuselweyo kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okonakalisa inxalenye, iiwashi nazo zibonelela ngomgangatho ococekileyo we-nut okanye i-bolt. Oku kwenza ukuba umdibaniso oqiniweyo ube lula ukukhululeka xa uthelekisa nomphezulu wokuqina ongalinganiyo.

Kukho iiwasha ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukubonelela ngesitywina, indawo yokumisa umbane, ukulungelelanisa i-fastener, ubambe i-fastener ebanjwe, i-insulate, okanye inike uxinzelelo lwe-axial kwi-joint. Siza kuxoxa ngezi washers ezikhethekileyo ngokufutshane kwisicatshulwa esingezantsi.

Siye sabona iindlela ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa ngokungafanelekanga iiwasha njengenxalenye yokudibanisa okudibeneyo. Kukho iimeko ezininzi apho i-shade-tree mechanics isebenzise i-bolts okanye i-nuts ezincinci kakhulu kwi-diameter yecandelo abadibanisayo. Kule mizekelo, iwasha inobubanzi obungaphakathi obulingana nebholiti, kodwa, ayivumeli intloko yebholiti okanye i-nut ukuba isilayidile kwibholi yecandelo elidityanisiweyo. Oku kucela ingxaki kwaye akufuneki ukuba kuzanywe naphi na kwimoto yomdyarho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, oomatshini baya kusebenzisa ibholithi emide kakhulu, kodwa iswele imisonto eyaneleyo, engavumeli ukuba idibeneyo iqiniswe. Ukupakisha iiwasha ezimbalwa kwi-shank njenge-spacer de i-nut iqiniswe kufuneka kuthintelwe. Khetha ubude bebholiti obufanelekileyo. Ukusebenzisa i-washers ngokungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela kumonakalo okanye ukulimala.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iindidi ezininzi zeewasha ezenziwe kwihlabathi namhlanje. Ezinye zenziwe ngokukodwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kumalungu omthi ngelixa ezinye zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zemibhobho. Xa kuziwa kwiimfuno zemoto, ingcali ye-R&D ye-ARP, uJay Coombes, usixelela ukuba zintlanu kuphela iindidi ezisetyenziswa kulungiso lweemoto. Kukho iwasha engenanto (okanye iwasha eflethi), iwasha yokufenda, iwasha yokucalula (okanye iwasha yesitshixo), iwasha yeenkwenkwezi, kunye newasha yokufaka.

Okubangela umdla kukuba, awuzukufumana iwasha eyahlulahlulwe kwi-ARP yomnikelo omkhulu we-fasteners. “Ziluncedo ikakhulu kwiziqhoboshi ezincinci zedayamitha kwiimeko eziphantsi zomthwalo,” ucacise watsho uCoombes. I-ARP ithande ukugxila kwiifasteners zomdyarho ezisebenza phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zomthwalo. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezi ntlobo zeewasha ezisebenza ngeenjongo ezithile, njengewasha ethafeni enezintlu ezingaphantsi.

Iwasha eflethi yinto ekhethwayo yokudibanisa phakathi kwentloko yebhawuthi (okanye indongomane) nento encanyathiselweyo. Injongo yayo ephambili kukusabalalisa umthwalo we-fastener eqiniweyo ukukhusela umonakalo kwindawo yokudibanisa. "Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ngamacandelo e-aluminium," utshilo uCoombes.

I-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ibonelele ngemigangatho yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, i-washers ecacileyo ibiza iindidi ezimbini. Uhlobo A luchazwa njengewasha enokunyamezelana okubanzi apho ukuchaneka kungabalulekanga. Uhlobo B sisiwasha esisicaba esinonyamezelo olungqongqo apho iidayamitha zangaphandle zihlelwa njengemxinwa, eqhelekileyo, okanye ebanzi ngokweesayizi zazo zebholiti (idayamitha yangaphakathi).

Njengoko sichazile ngaphambili, i-washers inzima ngakumbi kunenkcazo elula evela kumbutho omnye. Enyanisweni, kukho ezininzi. I-Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) ihlela iiwasha ezingenanto kubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo, ezinobukhulu obuncinci bangaphakathi nangaphandle xa kuthelekiswa nendlela i-United States Standards (USS) umbutho ozichaze ngayo iiwasha ezisicaba.

Imigangatho ye-USS yimigangatho ye-intshi-based washers. Lo mbutho ubonakalisa iwasha ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwedayamitha ukuze ikwazi ukufaka iintambo ezirhabaxa okanye ezinkulu. Iiwasha ze-USS zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zeemoto. Ngemibutho emithathu echaza imigangatho emithathu eyahlukeneyo yee-washers ezicacileyo, ngokucacileyo, ama-washers anzima ngakumbi kunokuba ukubonakala kwawo kulula kunokukhokelela nabani na ukuba akholelwe.

Ngokwe-ARP's Coombes, “Ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho wewasha ngokwayo ifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokusondeleyo. Kufuneka ibe nobukhulu obaneleyo kunye nobukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze isasazwe ngokufanelekileyo umthwalo. " UCoombes wongeza, “Kukwabaluleke kakhulu ukuba iwasha ibe ngumhlaba onxuseneyo kwaye ithe tyaba ngokugqibeleleyo kwezo zixhobo zibalulekileyo ezinomthwalo ophezulu wetorque. Nantoni na eyenye inokubangela ukungalingani kwangaphambili.”

Ezi zizixhobo zokuhlambela ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu ngaphandle kwedayamitha ngokomlinganiselo womngxuma ophakathi. Kwakhona yenzelwe ukusasaza amandla okubamba, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, umthwalo usasazwa kwindawo enkulu. Kangangeminyaka emininzi, ezi washer zazisetyenziselwa ukuncamathisela iifender kwizithuthi, kungoko igama. Iiwasha zefender zinokuba nedamitha enkulu yangaphandle, kodwa ziqhele ukwenziwa ngemathiriyeli yegeyiji encinci.

Iiwasha eziqhekezayo zine-axial flexibility kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukukhulula ngenxa ye-vibration. Ifoto evela www.amazon.com.

Iiwasha eziqhekezayo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziiwasha zasentwasahlobo okanye zokutshixa, zine-axial flexibility. Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukukhulula ngenxa ye-vibration. Ingcamango emva kweewasha eziqhekezayo ilula: Isebenza njengentwasahlobo ukubeka uxinzelelo kwinto eqhotyoshelweyo kunye nentloko yebholithi okanye i-nut.

I-ARP ayizenzi ezi washers kuba uninzi lwezibophelelo ezidlala indima ephambili kwi-injini, i-drivetrain, i-chassis, kunye nokumiswa ziqinisiwe kwi-torque ethile ethile, zisebenzisa amandla abambekayo afanelekileyo. Lincinci ithuba lokukhulula i-fastener ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isixhobo.

Uninzi lweenjineli ziyavuma ukuba iwasha yasentwasahlobo - xa ifakwe kwiinkcukacha eziphezulu - iya kolula ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Xa oko kusenzeka, iwasha yokwahlula iya kulahlekelwa yintlupheko yayo kwaye inokuphazamisa ukulayishwa kwangaphambili okuchanekileyo komdibaniso odibeneyo.

Iiwasha zeenkwenkwezi zineezandiso ezinwebeka ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle ukuze zilume kumphezulu wesubstrate ukunqanda isiqhoboshi ukuba sikhululeke. Ifoto evela www.amazon.com.

Izixhobo zokuhlamba zinkwenkwezi zisebenza phantse injongo enye njengewasha yokucalula. Zenzelwe ukuthintela i-fastener ukuba ingakhululeki. Ezi zixhobo zokuhlambela ezine-serrations ezandisa i-radially (ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle) ukuze zilume kumphezulu wecandelo. Ngokuqulunqa, kufuneka "bagrumbe" kwintloko ye-bolt / nut kunye ne-substrate yokukhusela i-fastener ukuba ikhulule. Izixhobo zokuhlamba iinkwenkwezi ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ngeebholiti ezincinci kunye nezikrufu ezinxulumene nezinto zombane.

Ukuthintela ukujikeleza, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokulayisha kwangaphambili, kuye kwabangela ukuba i-ARP yenze iiwasha ezikhethekileyo ezifakwe kwi-serrated kwicala elingaphantsi. Ingcamango kukuba babambe into eqhotyoshelweyo kwaye banikeze iqonga elizinzile.

Enye iwasha ekhethekileyo eyenziwe yi-ARP sisiwasha sohlobo lokufaka. Zenzelwe ukukhusela umphezulu wemingxuma ukunqanda ukubola okanye ukudilika komngxuma phezulu. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya iintloko ze-cylinder, amacandelo e-chassis, kunye nezinye iindawo eziphezulu zokunxiba ezifuna iwasha.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuthambisa kudlala indima ephambili ekulayisheni kwangaphambili ngokuchanekileyo. Ukongeza kokubeka i-lubricant kwimicu ye-fastener, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubeke ixabiso elincinci ngaphantsi kwentloko ye-bolt (okanye i-nut) okanye phezulu kwewasha. Ungaze uthambise umzantsi wewasha (ngaphandle kokuba imiyalelo yokufakela ithetha ngenye indlela) njengoko ungafuni ukuba ijikelezwe.

Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwewasha kunye nokuthambisa yinto efanele ukuqwalaselwa kwawo onke amaqela omdyarho.

Yakha eyakho incwadana yesiko ngomxholo owuthandayo osuka kwaChevy Hardcore, ngqo kwibhokisi yakho yemiyalezo, SIMAHLA!

Siza kukuthumelela awona manqaku eChevy Hardcore anomdla, iindaba, iimpawu zemoto, kunye neevidiyo veki nganye.

Siyathembisa ukuba asizukusebenzisa idilesi ye-imeyile kuyo nantoni na ngaphandle kohlaziyo olulodwa oluvela kwiNethiwekhi yeAuto Media.