Izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zisisiseko sokwenza izibophelelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso ezininzi zabenzi bezibophelelo ziya kuba neentanda. Kutheni oku kusenzeka?

Okwangoku, iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo zeentonga zentsimbi yesinyithi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni ezibonelelwa ziifektri zentsimbi zasekhaya yi-φ 5.5-φ 45, uluhlu oluvuthiweyo yi-φ 6.5-φ 30. Kukho iingozi ezininzi ezisemgangathweni ezibangelwa kukwahlulwa kwe-phosphorus, njengokwahlulwa kwe-phosphorus kwentonga yentsimbi encinci kunye nebha. Impembelelo yokwahlulwa kwe-phosphorus kunye nohlalutyo lokwakheka kwe-crack kwaziswa ngezantsi ukuze kubhekiselwe kuyo. Ukongezwa kwe-phosphorus kwidayagram yesigaba sekhabhoni yesinyithi kuya kuvala ummandla wesigaba se-austenite ngokufanayo kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo konyuse umgama phakathi kwe-solidus kunye ne-liquidus. Xa isinyithi esine-phosphorus sipholile ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwi-solid, kufuneka sidlule kuluhlu olukhulu lobushushu.

Izinga lokusasazeka kwe-phosphorus kwintsimbi licotha, kwaye intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ene-phosphorus concentration ephezulu (inqanaba eliphantsi lokunyibilika) igcwele i-dendrites yokuqala eqinileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuhlukanisweni kwe-phosphorus. Kwiimveliso ezidla ngokuba neengceba ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-cold forging okanye i-cold extrusion, uvavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwe-metallographic lubonisa ukuba i-ferrite kunye ne-pearlite zisasazeke kwimigca, kwaye kukho i-ferrite emhlophe enebhendi kwi-matrix. Kukho iindawo zokubandakanywa kwe-sulfide ezingwevu ezikhanyayo kwi-matrix ye-ferrite enebhendi. Ulwakhiwo lwebhendi lwe-sulfide lubizwa ngokuba yi-"ghost line" ngenxa yokwahlukana kwe-sulfide.
Isizathu kukuba indawo enokwahlulwahlulwa okukhulu kwe-phosphorus ibonakalisa indawo emhlophe ekhanyayo kwindawo yokutyebisa i-phosphorus. Kwi-casting slab eqhubekayo, ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu we-phosphorus kwindawo emhlophe, iikristale ze-columnar ezityebileyo kwi-phosphorus concentrate, zinciphisa umxholo we-phosphorus. Xa i-billet iqina, ii-austenite dendrites zahlulwa kuqala kwintsimbi enyibilikisiweyo. I-phosphorus kunye ne-sulfur kwezi dendrites ziyancitshiswa, kodwa intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ekugqibeleni iqulethe i-phosphorus kunye ne-sulfur elements. Iqina phakathi kwee-axes ze-dendrite kuba izinto ze-phosphorus kunye ne-sulfur ziphezulu. Ngeli xesha, i-sulfide yenziwa, kwaye i-phosphorus iyanyibilika kwi-matrix. Ngenxa yokuba izinto ze-phosphorus kunye ne-sulfur ziphezulu, i-sulfide yenziwa apha, kwaye i-phosphorus iyanyibilika kwi-matrix. Ke ngoko, Ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu wezinto ze-phosphorus kunye ne-sulfur, umxholo we-carbon kwisisombululo se-phosphorus solid uphezulu. Kumacala omabini ebhanti ye-carbonaceous, oko kukuthi, kumacala omabini endawo yokutyebisa i-phosphorus, kwakheka ibhanti ende nencinci ye-pearlite ehambelana nebhanti emhlophe ye-ferrite, kwaye izicubu eziqhelekileyo ezikufutshane ziyahlulwa. Phantsi koxinzelelo lokufudumeza, i-billet iya kwanda iye kwicala lokucubungula phakathi kwee-shafts, kuba i-ferrite belt ine-phosphorus ephezulu, oko kukuthi, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-phosphorus kuya kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sebhanti ye-ferrite ebanzi ekhanyayo enesakhiwo sebhanti ye-ferrite ebanzi ekhanyayo. Kuyabonakala ukuba kukwakho nemicu ye-sulphide engwevu ekhanyayo kwibhanti ye-ferrite ebanzi ekhanyayo, esasazwa ngomcu omde webhanti ye-ferrite etyebileyo ye-sulfide, esidla ngokuyibiza ngokuba "ngumgca we-ghost". (Jonga uMfanekiso 1-2)

Ibholti yeFlange

Kwinkqubo yokuqengqeleka okushushu, logama nje kukho ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-phosphorus, akunakwenzeka ukufumana isakhiwo esilinganayo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kuba ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-phosphorus kuye kwakheka isakhiwo "somgca we-ghost", kuya kunciphisa ngokungenakuphepheka iimpawu zoomatshini zezinto. Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-phosphorus kwintsimbi ebotshelelwe yikhabhoni kuqhelekile, kodwa inqanaba layo lahlukile. Ukwahlulwahlulwa okukhulu kwe-phosphorus ("ulwakhiwo lomgca we-ghost") kuya kubangela iziphumo ezimbi kakhulu kwintsimbi. Ngokucacileyo, ukwahlulwahlulwa okukhulu kwe-phosphorus yimbangela yokuqhekeka kwentloko ebandayo. Ngenxa yokuba umxholo we-phosphorus kwiinkozo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi wahlukile, izinto zinamandla ahlukeneyo kunye nobunzima. Kwelinye icala, kwenza izinto zivelise uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, oluya kwenza izinto zibe lula ukuziqhekeza. Kwizinto ezinesakhiwo "somgca we-ghost", kungenxa yokuncipha kobunzima, amandla, ubude emva kokuqhekeka kunye nokunciphisa indawo, ingakumbi ukwehla kokuqina kwempembelelo, ukuba umxholo we-phosphorus kwizinto unolwalamano oluhle nesakhiwo kunye neempawu zentsimbi.
Kwizicubu "zomgca weghost" eziphakathi kwendawo yokubona, inani elikhulu le-sulfide engwevu ebhityileyo nekhanyayo lifunyenwe yi-metallography. Izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi kwintsimbi yesakhiwo zikhona ikakhulu ngohlobo lwee-oxides kunye nee-sulfides. Ngokwe-GB/T10561-2005 Standard Classification Diagram yoMxholo we-Non metallic Inclusions kwiNtsimbi, umxholo we-sulfide we-Class B inclusions yi-2.5 okanye ngaphezulu. Izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi zingumthombo onokubakho wokuqhekeka. Ukubakho kwayo kuya konakalisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo sentsimbi, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu amandla e-intergranular.
Kucingelwa ukuba i-sulfide kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi "umgca we-ghost" wentsimbi yeyona ndawo iqhekekayo lula. Ke ngoko, inani elikhulu lee-fasteners eziqhekekileyo kwi-cold heading kunye ne-heat treatment quinch kwindawo yemveliso, ezibangelwe linani elikhulu le-grey long sulfides. Eli laphu lingelukiweyo latshabalalisa ukuqhubeka kweempawu zesinyithi kwaye landisa umngcipheko wonyango lobushushu. "Umgca we-ghost" awunakususwa ngokulungisa kunye nezinye iindlela, kwaye izinto ezingcolileyo kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo ngaphambi kokuba zinyibilike okanye zingene kwisityalo. Ngokwendlela ezibunjwe ngayo kunye nokuguquguquka, i-non-metallic inclusions zahlulwe zibe yi-alumina (uhlobo A) silicate (uhlobo C) kunye ne-spherical oxide (uhlobo D). Inkangeleko yayo iya kunqumla ukuqhubeka kwesinyithi kwaye ibe yimingxuma okanye imingxunya emva kokuxobuka, okulula ukwenza imingxunya ngexesha le-cold heading kwaye kubangele uxinzelelo loxinzelelo ngexesha lonyango lobushushu, ngaloo ndlela kubangele ukucima imingxunya. Ke ngoko, i-non-metallic inclusions kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo. Iintsimbi zeCarbon Structural Steels ze-GB/T700-2006 kunye ne-GB T699-2016 ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibeka phambili iimfuno zezinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi. Kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo, ngokubanzi yi-A, B, C type coarse series, uthotho olucolekileyo aludluli kwi-1.5, D, D type coarse system kwaye inqanaba lesi-2 alidluli kwinqanaba lesi-2.

I-Hebei Chengyi Engineering Materials Co., Ltd. yinkampani enamava eminyaka engama-21 emveliso kunye nokuthengisa izibophelelo. Izibophelelo zethu zisebenzisa izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iteknoloji yemveliso kunye nokuvelisa ephucukileyo, kunye nenkqubo yolawulo egqibeleleyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso. Ukuba unomdla wokuthenga izibophelelo, nceda unxibelelane nathi.