Izibophelelo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zigama elithile lobuchwephesha eliquka uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso. Izibophelelo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubopha iindawo zomatshini ezibiza kakhulu ngenxa yenkangeleko yazo, ukuqina kwayo, kunye nokumelana kwayo nokugqwala ngamandla.

 
Izibophelelo zentsimbi engenasici zihlala ziquka ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zeendawo ezili-12:
1. Ibholthi: Uhlobo lwesixhobo sokuncamathelisa esiqulathe intloko kunye nesikrufu (isilinda esinentambo yangaphandle). Kufuneka sidityaniswe nenati kwaye sisetyenziselwa ukubopha iindawo ezimbini ezinemingxunya edlulayo. Olu hlobo loqhagamshelo lubizwa ngokuba luqhagamshelo lweboliti. Ukuba inati ikhutshiwe kwiboliti, ezo ndawo zimbini zinokwahlulwa, ngoko ke uqhagamshelo lweboliti luqhagamshelo olunokukhutshelwa ngaphandle.

2. I-Stud:Uhlobo lwe-fastener engenantloko kwaye inemisonto yangaphandle kuphela kuzo zombini iziphelo. Xa idibanisa, elinye icala layo kufuneka lifakwe kwi-screw kwinxalenye enomngxuma wentambo yangaphakathi, elinye icala kufuneka lidlule kwinxalenye enomngxuma odlulayo, uze emva koko i-nut ifakwe kwi-screw, nokuba ezo ndawo zimbini zidibene ngokuqinileyo zizonke.

3. Izikrufu: Zikwaluhlobo lwezibophelelo ezakhiwe ngamacandelo amabini: intloko kunye nesikrufu. Zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo: izikrufu zoomatshini, izikrufu ezimiselweyo kunye nezikrufu zeenjongo ezikhethekileyo. Izikrufu zoomatshini zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezinemingxuma eqiniswayo. Uqhagamshelo lokuqiniswa nenxalenye enemingxuma edlulayo aludingi ntsebenziswano ye-nut (olu hlobo loqhagamshelo lubizwa ngokuba luqhagamshelo lwesikrufu kwaye lukwaluqhagamshelo olunokukhutshelwa ngaphandle; lungasetyenziswa ne-Nut fit, esetyenziselwa uqhagamshelo lokuqiniswa phakathi kwamacandelo amabini anemingxuma edlulayo.) Izikrufu ezimiselweyo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukulungisa indawo ehambelanayo phakathi kwamacandelo amabini. Izikrufu zeenjongo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nezikrufu zamehlo zisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa iindawo.

4. Amantongomane entsimbi engenasici: enemingxuma yangaphakathi enemisonto, ngokubanzi efana nesilinda esisicaba esineenxantathu, okanye isilinda esisikwere esithe tyaba okanye isilinda esithe tyaba, esetyenziswa neebholiti, izikhonkwane okanye izikrufu zomatshini ukubopha iinxalenye ezimbini. Yenze ibe yingqokelela epheleleyo.

5. Izikrufu zokuzicofa: Kufana nezikrufu zomatshini, kodwa imisonto ekwiskrufu yimisonto ekhethekileyo yezikrufu ezizicofayo. Isetyenziselwa ukubopha nokudibanisa izinto ezimbini zesinyithi ezibhityileyo ukuze zenziwe zibe yinto enye. Imingxunya emincinci kufuneka yenziwe kwangaphambili kwisakhiwo. Ekubeni olu hlobo lwesikrufu lunobunzima obuphezulu, lungafakwa ngqo emngxunyeni wenxalenye ukuze kwenziwe inxalenye embindini. Yenza imisonto yangaphakathi ephendulayo. Olu hlobo lonxibelelwano lukwalunxibelelwano olunokukhutshelwa ngaphandle.

6. Izikrufu zomthi: Zikwafana nezikrufu zomatshini, kodwa imisonto ekwizikrufu yimisonto ekhethekileyo yezikrufu zomthi. Zingafakwa kwizikrufu ngqo kwiinxalenye zomthi (okanye kwiindawo) kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuncamathisela isinyithi (okanye esingeyosinyithi) ngomngxuma odlulayo. Ezi ndawo zibotshelelwe kunye nenxalenye yomthi. Olu qhagamshelo lukwaluqhagamshelo olunokukhutshelwa ngaphandle.
7. Umtshisi wokuhlamba impahla: Uhlobo lwe-fastener olumile okweringi e-oblate. Ibekwe phakathi komphezulu oxhasayo wee-bolts, izikrufu okanye ii-nuts kunye nomphezulu weendawo ezidibeneyo, idlala indima yokwandisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano lweendawo ezidibeneyo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwindawo nganye yeyunithi kunye nokukhusela umphezulu weendawo ezidibeneyo ekonakalisweni; olunye uhlobo lwe-elastic washer, Ingathintela ne-nut ukuba ikhululeke.

8. Isangqa esingasemva:Ifakwe kwi-shaft groove okanye kwi-hole groove yoomatshini nezixhobo, kwaye idlala indima yokuthintela iindawo ezikwi-shaft okanye kwi-hole ukuba zingashukumi ngasekhohlo nasekunene.

9. Iiphini: Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekubekeni iindawo, kwaye ezinye zikwasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iindawo, ukulungisa iindawo, ukuhambisa umbane okanye ukutshixa ezinye izibophelelo.

10. I-Rivet:Uhlobo lwe-fastener oluquka intloko kunye ne-nail shank, esetyenziselwa ukubopha nokudibanisa iindawo ezimbini (okanye izinto) ngemingxunya ukuze zibe zizonke. Olu hlobo loqhagamshelwano lubizwa ngokuba yi-rivet connection, okanye i-riveting ngamafutshane. Inxulumene nonxibelelwano olungenakususwa. Kuba ukuze kwahlulwe iindawo ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo, ii-rivets kwiindawo kufuneka zaphulwe.

11. Iindibano kunye neentambo zonxibelelwano: Iindibano zibhekisa kuhlobo lwee-fasteners ezinikezelwa ngokudibeneyo, njengokudibanisa i-screw ethile yomatshini (okanye i-bolt, i-screw ezizibonelela yona) kunye ne-flat washer (okanye i-spring washer, i-locking washer): uqhagamshelo Isibini se-fasteners sibhekisa kuhlobo lwe-fastener olunikezelwa ngokudibanisa ii-bolts ezikhethekileyo, amantongomane kunye nee-washers, njengesibini see-head bolts ezinkulu ezine-hexagonal ezinamandla aphezulu zezakhiwo zentsimbi.

12. Ukuwelda izikhonkwaneNgenxa yezibophelelo ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngamandla okukhanya kunye neentloko zezipikili (okanye ezingenazo iintloko zezipikili), ziqinile kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kwinxalenye (okanye icandelo) ngendlela yokuwelda ukuze ziqhagamshelwe kwezinye iindawo ezisemgangathweni zentsimbi engagqwaliyo.

Izinto eziphathekayo
Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zinemfuno zazo zokwenza izinto eziluhlaza. Uninzi lwezinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zinokwenziwa zibe ziintambo zentsimbi okanye iintonga zokwenza izinto zokuncamathisela, kuquka intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic, intsimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic, intsimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic, kunye nentsimbi engagqwali eqinisa imvula. Ngoko ke zeziphi imigaqo xa ukhetha izinto?

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ikakhulu kuqwalasela ezi zinto zilandelayo:
1. Iimfuneko zezinto zokubopha ngokweempawu zoomatshini, ingakumbi amandla;
2. Iimfuneko zokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza
3. Iimfuno zobushushu obusebenzayo ekuchaseni ubushushu bezinto (amandla obushushu aphezulu, ukumelana neoksijini kunye nezinye iipropati):
Iimfuno zenkqubo yemveliso yokusebenza kokucubungula izinto
5. Ezinye izinto, ezinje ngobunzima, ixabiso, ukuthenga kunye nezinye izinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Emva kokuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo nangokupheleleyo kwezi nkalo zintlanu, izinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezifanelekileyo ekugqibeleni zikhethwa ngokwemigangatho yesizwe efanelekileyo. Iindawo ezisemgangathweni kunye neziqhoboshi eziveliswayo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zobugcisa: iibholiti, izikrufu kunye nezikhonkwane (3098.3-2000), amantongomane (3098.15-200) kunye nezikrufu ezibekwe (3098.16-2000).